Description: Trolley conveyor made by the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company of Columbus, Ohio moving crates of tomatoes at the Welch Grape Juice Company, North East, Pennsylvania, 1934. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL01550
Subjects: Conveying machinery; Ohio Economy--Economy--Business
Places: North East (Pennsylvania)
 

Description: Map of the Western Reserve including the Fire Lands in Ohio, published by William Sumner in Nelson, Ohio, September 1826. Counties included on the map are Huron, Lorain, Medina, Cuyahoga, Portage, Geauga, Astabula (Ashtabula) and Trumbull. Also marked on the map are courthouses, meeting houses, colleges, mills, lighthouses, villages, county lines and roads. A brief history on the bottom portion of the map reads, "The Western Reserve is situated in the north east corner of the State between Lake Erie on the north, Pennsylvania East &c. It extends 120 miles from East to West and upon an average 52 from north to south. The area is just 3,000,000 of acres, a body of 500,000 of acres is stricken off from the west end of the tract and granted by the state of of Connecticut as a donation to certain sufferers by fire occasioned by the English during the Revolutionary War, the manner by which the state of Connecticut became possessed of the land in question was the following. King Charles II of View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: MAPVFM_0323_2
Subjects: Western Reserve; Firelands; Ohio History--Settlement and Early Statehood; Maps
Places: Ohio
 

Description: Dated ca. 1930-1943, this photograph shows men and women producing calendars, probably for Brethren in Christ Church. A note on the photograph's reverse reads "Downes? Prudent BIC calendar Cleveland?" The Brethren in Christ Church began about 1778 in Pennsylvania. The Brethren in Christ trace their denomination back to a group of Mennonites who lived just north of Marietta, Pennsylvania on the east side of the Susquehanna River. This photograph is one of the many visual materials collected for use in the Ohio Guide. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B12F08_019_001
Subjects: Brethren in Christ Church; Calendars; Workers
Places: Ohio
 

Description: This print shows the exterior of Fort McIntosh in Beaver, Pennsylvania. Constructed in 1778, Fort McIntosh was the first fort north of the Ohio River, and was the site of the signing of the Treaty of Fort McIntosh on January 21, 1785, in which many Ohio American Indian tribes ceded land east of the Cuyahoga and Muskingum Rivers to the United States government. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL08442
Subjects: Fortification--Pennsylvania; Forts & fortifications; Treaties; American Indian history
Places: Beaver (Pennsylvania)
 

Description: This photograph gives an aerial view of the site on which Fort Gower was built in 1774. Located at the confluence of the Hocking and Ohio Rivers, the site is downstream from Hockingport, Ohio, in Athens County. England, in order to maintain control of its colonies and to protect Native American homelands, prohibited American colonists from moving west of the Appalachian Mountains in the Proclamation of 1763. However, following the Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1768), white settlers immediately moved into the Ohio Country. Violence quickly began in the disputed area as the Native Americans, especially the Shawnee and Seneca-Cayuga, tried to drive the English colonists back to the east side of the Appalachian Mountains. In August 1774, Pennsylvania militia entered the Ohio Country and quickly destroyed seven villages of the Seneca-Cayuga Indians, which had been abandoned as the soldiers approached. At the same time, Lord Dunmore, royal governor of Virginia Colony, sent one thousand men to the Little Kanawha River in modern-day West Virginia to build a fort and to attack the Shawnee. Cornstalk, a Shawnee leader, sent nearly one thousand warriors to drive Dunmore's force from the region. The two sides met on October 10, 1774, at what became known as the Battle of Point Pleasant. After several hours of intense fighting, the English drove Cornstalk's followers north of the Ohio River. Dunmore, with a large force of his own, followed the Shawnees across the river into the Ohio Country. Upon nearing the Shawnee villages on the Pickaway Plains north of modern-day Chillicothe, and near what is now Circleville, Ohio, Dunmore stopped. From his encampment named Camp Charlotte, Dunmore requested that the Shawnee come to him and discuss a peace treaty. As a result of this war, some Shawnee Indians agreed to the terms of the Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1768) and promised to give up some of their lands east and south of the Ohio River. This was the first time that some of the natives who actually lived in the Ohio Country agreed to relinquish some of their land. This military campaign came to be known as Lord Dunmore's War. As Dunmore's soldiers were returning to Virginia, they stopped where the Hocking River joins the Ohio River. There the soldiers built Fort Gower. While the men were building the fort, they learned that the First Continental Congress had ordered the boycott of any goods from England as a response to the Coercive Acts, including the Quebec Act, which England issued in 1774. Most of the soldiers agreed with the action of the Continental Congress. The men recorded their sentiments in a document known as the Fort Gower Resolutions, officially recorded on November 5, 1774. The Virginians wrote the Fort Gower Resolutions for a number of reasons. Chief among them was England's policy on the Ohio Country. Many people living east of the Appalachian Mountains looked at the Ohio Country as a place to start a new life in a new land. The Fort Gower Resolutions were an expression of the increasing spirit of American independence as the American Revolution was about to begin. The resolutions reads: “Resolved, that we will bear the most faithful allegiance to His Majesty, King George the Third, whilst His Majesty delights to reign over a brave and free people; that we will, at the expense of life, and everything dear and valuable, exert ourselves in support of his crown, and the dignity of the British Empire. But as the love of liberty, and attachment to the real interests and just rights of America outweigh every other consideration, we resolve that we will exert every power within us for the defense of American liberty, and for the support of her just rights and privileges; not on any precipitate, riotous or tumultuous voice of our countrymen. Signed by order and in behalf of the whole corps. Benjamin Ashby, Clerk." View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07008
Subjects: Athens County (Ohio); Forts & fortifications; Lord Dunmore's War, 1774; Cornstalk, Shawnee chief, 1720?-1777; American Indians in Ohio
Places: Hockingport (Ohio); Athens County (Ohio)
 

Description: Taken in 1971 by U.S. Army medic Charles Tweel, this photograph shows a sign outside Camp Evans in Vietnam. The sign reads "Villages, cities, and hamlets are off limits except for official business. Curfew 1830-0600 Hrs authority ICCI 1050.5C." This area is referred to as the Lowlands, about ten miles between the east coast on the South China Sea and the mountains to the west, where the local population lived. This photograph is part of the Charles Tweel Collection (AV 324) at the Ohio History Connection. Charles Tweel grew up in Columbus, Ohio, and attended The Ohio State University. After graduation in 1968, he enlisted in the U.S. Army as a non-combatant, first training as a medic at Fort Sam Huston, followed by nine months of additional training at Valley Forge General Hospital in Phoenixville, Pennsylvania. He finished his training as a Specialist 3 and 91C, MOS, and went on to serve in Bamberg, Germany, with combat engineers for one year. In January 1971, Tweel served in Vietnam with the Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 2nd Battalion (Air Mobile), 506th Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division, based out of Camp Evans near Phu Bai, north of Hue, until December of that year. Tweel spent most of his service on various firebases as the medic in charge, and occasionally shared firebases with South Vietnamese soldiers. He also visited MedCAP stations (Medical Civic Action Programs) where he treated civilians. Tweel received the Bronze Star Medal for meritorious achievement, and was promoted to Specialist 5 in 1971. After discharge from the Army, he went to medical school and was in private practice as a family practitioner from 1979-2016, and now works part-time in inner city medical clinics in Columbus, Ohio, and Charleston, South Carolina. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV324_B01F04_005
Subjects: Vietnam War (1961-1975); United States. Army. Airborne Division, 101st; Military encampments
Places: Camp Evans (Vietnam)
 

Description: Taken in 1971 by U.S. Army medic Charles Tweel, this photograph shows an aerial view of a rural area of Vietnam, probably the Lowlands, a 10 mile stretch of land between the east coast on the South China Sea and the mountains. This photograph is part of the Charles Tweel Collection (AV 324) at the Ohio History Connection. Charles Tweel grew up in Columbus, Ohio, and attended The Ohio State University. After graduation in 1968, he enlisted in the U.S. Army as a non-combatant, first training as a medic at Fort Sam Huston, followed by nine months of additional training at Valley Forge General Hospital in Phoenixville, Pennsylvania. He finished his training as a Specialist 3 and 91C, MOS, and went on to serve in Bamberg, Germany, with combat engineers for one year. In January 1971, Tweel served in Vietnam with the Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 2nd Battalion (Air Mobile), 506th Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division, based out of Camp Evans near Phu Bai, north of Hue, until December of that year. Tweel spent most of his service on various firebases as the medic in charge, and occasionally shared firebases with South Vietnamese soldiers. He also visited MedCAP stations (Medical Civic Action Programs) where he treated civilians. Tweel received the Bronze Star Medal for meritorious achievement, and was promoted to Specialist 5 in 1971. After discharge from the Army, he went to medical school and was in private practice as a family practitioner from 1979-2016, and now works part-time in inner city medical clinics in Columbus, Ohio, and Charleston, South Carolina. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV324_B01F04_006
Subjects: Vietnam War (1961-1975); United States. Army. Airborne Division, 101st; Aerial photographs; Topography
Places: Vietnam